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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Epigenetic programming-The important first 1000 days.

Agnes Linnér1, Malin Almgren2

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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|October 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perinatal epigenetic programming can be altered by adverse events, impacting lifelong health. These epigenetic changes, linked to early life stressors, may be reversible, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
deoxyribonucleic acid methylationdevelopmental origins of health and diseaseepigeneticspaediatricsperinatology

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal medicine
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • The perinatal period is critical for physiological changes, including epigenetic programming.
  • Adverse perinatal events can induce epigenetic alterations with long-term health consequences.
  • Epigenetics plays a crucial role in understanding complex disease phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamentals of clinical epigenetics.
  • To explore the latest research on epigenetic modifications during the perinatal period.
  • To investigate the link between perinatal environmental exposures and epigenetic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical epigenetics and perinatal exposures.
  • Analysis of studies investigating epigenetic processes in complex diseases.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking early life stressors to epigenetic changes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic programming is a key feature of the perinatal period.
  • Adverse perinatal events, such as famine, stress, and abuse, are associated with epigenetic alterations.
  • These epigenetic changes are implicated in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and immunological disorders.
  • Evidence suggests a connection between specific environmental stressors and epigenetic modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal environmental exposures can lead to lasting epigenetic modifications.
  • These modifications can result in lifelong phenotypic alterations and disease susceptibility.
  • The identified epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible, suggesting therapeutic avenues.