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CEACAM1 structure and function in immunity and its therapeutic implications

Walter M Kim1, Yu-Hwa Huang1, Amit Gandhi1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Seminars in Immunology
|October 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has tunable functions and is targeted by microbes and cancer. Understanding CEACAM1 interactions offers insights for immunotherapy in autoimmunity and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a type I membrane protein with crucial roles in immune regulation and cell adhesion.
  • CEACAM1 exhibits alternative splicing, leading to diverse functional isoforms.
  • Its expression is tightly regulated on lymphocytes, particularly in activated cells involved in tolerance pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent structural insights into CEACAM1 interactions, including homophilic and heterophilic binding.
  • To explore how these interactions influence CEACAM1 function in physiological and pathological contexts.
  • To provide a basis for developing CEACAM1-targeted immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature focusing on structural characterization of CEACAM1 interactions.
  • Analysis of CEACAM1 binding modes with itself, microbes, and other cellular partners.
  • Correlation of structural findings with functional consequences and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • CEACAM1's structure supports tunable functions through alternative splicing and distinct binding interactions.
  • Microbes exploit CEACAM1 for host invasion and immune evasion.
  • CEACAM1 plays a significant role in immune tolerance and is implicated in tumor microenvironments.

Conclusions:

  • Structural understanding of CEACAM1 interactions is key to deciphering its multifaceted roles.
  • CEACAM1 represents a promising therapeutic target for immunotherapy in cancer and autoimmunity.
  • Targeting CEACAM1 interactions could offer novel strategies for immune modulation.
Keywords:
CEACAM1Co-receptorImmunityInteraction

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