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The intranasal trigeminal system.

Thomas Hummel1, Johannes Frasnelli2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intranasal trigeminal system, activated by odors, influences sensations like cooling and airflow perception. Its close connection with the olfactory system suggests early-stage processing interactions impacting nasal airway sensations.

Keywords:
ChemesthesisChemosensationIrritationNoseTrigeminal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Physiology

Background:

  • Odors activate the intranasal chemosensory trigeminal system, causing somatic sensations (cooling, tingling, burning).
  • The trigeminal system is crucial for airflow sensitivity and shares connections with the olfactory system.
  • Trigeminal stimuli can activate the piriform cortex, traditionally considered the primary olfactory cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between the intranasal trigeminal system and the olfactory system.
  • To investigate how interactions between these systems influence sensory perception and central nervous processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on trigeminal and olfactory system interactions.
  • Analysis of studies examining trigeminal receptor involvement in odor-induced sensations.
  • Examination of evidence linking olfactory loss to trigeminal sensitivity changes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests acquired olfactory loss reduces trigeminal sensitivity due to impaired central nervous system interactions.
  • Decreased trigeminal sensitivity may alter airflow perception, potentially causing a sensation of nasal congestion.
  • The piriform cortex's activation by trigeminal stimuli indicates early-stage integration of olfactory and trigeminal information.

Conclusions:

  • The intranasal trigeminal and olfactory systems are closely interconnected, with interactions occurring early in central processing.
  • Dysfunction in one system can significantly impact the other, affecting somatic sensations and airflow perception.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for explaining altered nasal sensations, such as perceived nasal congestion.