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Solid matrix-assisted printing for three-dimensional structuring of a viscoelastic medium surface.

Sungchul Shin¹, Hojung Kwak¹, Donghyeok Shin¹

¹Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Nature Communications

|October 13, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Solid matrix-assisted 3D printing enables fabrication of bacterial cellulose hydrogels. This method overcomes oxygen supply limitations, allowing for complex, dimensionally stable structures with potential biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Synthetic Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) requires oxygen for metabolism, making air-medium interface crucial for bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis.
Fabricating complex 3D bacterial cellulose structures is challenging due to limited oxygen diffusion and hydrogel instability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel 3D printing method for fabricating bacterial cellulose hydrogels with controlled topology and dimensional stability.
To overcome limitations in oxygen supply and material stability for free-form biopolymer structure fabrication.

Main Methods:

Solid matrix-assisted 3D printing (SMAP) using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microparticle matrix and a hydrogel ink containing G. xylinus, incubation medium, and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs).
In situ biosynthesis of BC hydrogels by G. xylinus within the printed matrix, facilitated by oxygen permeability through the PTFE layer.

Main Results:

SMAP enabled controlled 3D printing of bacterial cellulose hydrogels with high dimensional stability.
The PTFE microparticle matrix facilitated sufficient oxygen supply for G. xylinus to produce BC hydrogels at the medium surface.
Complex and novel 3D structures, including tubular forms, were successfully fabricated.

Conclusions:

SMAP is a viable solution for fabricating versatile, free-form bacterial cellulose structures with enhanced printability and design diversity.
The fabricated tubular BC structures show promise for biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and vascular tissue scaffolding.