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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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The Long Noncoding RNA Paupar Modulates PAX6 Regulatory Activities to Promote Alpha Cell Development and Function.

Ruth A Singer1, Luis Arnes2, Yi Cui3

  • 1Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel pancreatic long non-coding RNA, Paupar, is crucial for alpha cell function in diabetes research. It regulates Pax6 splicing, ensuring proper glucagon secretion and glucose homeostasis.

Keywords:
PauparPax6diabetesglucagonlncRNAslong noncoding RNAspancreatic isletstranscription factorsα cells

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Dysregulated glucagon secretion contributes to hyperglycemia and diabetes.
  • Understanding pancreatic alpha cell development and function is key for diabetes therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify pancreatic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in alpha cell function.
  • To investigate the role of the Pax6-associated lncRNA Paupar in alpha cell development and glucose homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of embryonic mouse pancreas and adult mouse islets.
  • In vivo studies involving Paupar deletion in mice.
  • Analysis of Pax6 splicing and alpha cell gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Identified Paupar, a lncRNA enriched in alpha cells, promoting Pax6 alternative splicing.
  • Paupar deletion led to dysregulation of Pax6 target genes and alpha cell dysfunction.
  • Mice lacking Paupar exhibited blunted glucagon secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Paupar plays a critical role in cell-specific regulation of Pax6 for alpha cell function.
  • This lncRNA-mediated mechanism is essential for coordinating glucose homeostasis.
  • Paupar represents a potential therapeutic target for diabetes treatment.