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Prospective Study of Dietary Patterns and Hearing Threshold Elevation.

Sharon G Curhan1,2, Christopher Halpin3, Molin Wang1,4,5

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Summary

Adhering to healthy eating patterns like the DASH and Mediterranean diets may lower the risk of developing mid- and high-frequency hearing loss. This prospective study highlights the link between diet quality and auditory health in women.

Keywords:
Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionMediterranean dietagingaudiometryhealthy diethearing losswomen

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Audiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized for their role in chronic disease prevention.
  • Hearing loss is a growing public health concern, particularly with aging populations.
  • The relationship between specific healthy diets and longitudinal changes in hearing thresholds remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Alternate Mediterranean (AMED) diets, and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) with hearing threshold changes.
  • To examine the risk of developing audiometric hearing loss in relation to dietary patterns in a prospective cohort of women.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving 3,135 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (2012-2018).
  • Dietary intake assessed via validated food-frequency questionnaires to calculate adherence scores for DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010.
  • Hearing sensitivity measured by pure-tone audiometry at baseline and 3-year follow-up.
  • Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression used to analyze associations between diet scores and risk of ≥5 dB threshold elevation in low-, mid-, and high-frequency ranges.

Main Results:

  • Higher adherence to DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010 diets was associated with a significantly lower risk of mid-frequency hearing threshold elevation.
  • The highest quintile of DASH adherence showed reduced odds of mid-frequency (OR=0.71) and high-frequency (OR=0.75) threshold elevation compared to the lowest quintile.
  • Similar inverse associations were observed for AMED and AHEI-2010 scores regarding mid-frequency hearing loss; no significant associations were found for low-frequency hearing.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, specifically DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010, may play a protective role against acquired hearing loss, particularly in mid- and high-frequencies.
  • These findings suggest that dietary interventions could be a potential strategy to mitigate the risk of age-related hearing impairment.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying the diet-hearing relationship.