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Plasma cell leukemia with plasmablastic morphology in a dog.
Elie Dagher1,2,3, Nicolas Soetart1,2,3, Florian Chocteau1,2,3
1Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris (Dagher, Soetart, Chocteau, Dequéant, Abadie, Jaillardon), Nantes, France.
This study details a rare case of canine plasma cell leukemia in a Golden Retriever, characterized by widespread organ infiltration and specific cell markers. The findings highlight a unique presentation of this uncommon veterinary malignancy.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Oncology
- Hematology
Background:
- Plasma cell neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary medicine.
- Canine plasma cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old Golden Retriever presented with severe clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and weight loss.
- Diagnostic imaging revealed disseminated neoplasia with organ enlargement and nodules.
- Laboratory findings included pancytopenia, hypercalcemia, and a monoclonal IgA gammopathy.
Findings:
- Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed multicentric atypical plasma cell tumor with plasmablastic morphology.
- Tumor cells were positive for MUM1 and negative for lymphoid markers (CD3, CD5, CD79a, CD20, PAX5) and other markers (CD204, IBA-1, E-cadherin).
- The presence of over 20% circulating blastic plasma cells confirmed primary plasma cell leukemia.
Implications:
- This case expands the understanding of plasma cell leukemia presentations in veterinary oncology.
- Highlights the importance of advanced diagnostics for rare hematologic malignancies in dogs.
- Provides valuable data on immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing canine plasma cell tumors.
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