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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.1K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Magnetic Field Directed Rare-Earth Separations.

Robert F Higgins1, Thibault Cheisson1,2, Bren E Cole1

  • 1P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
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PubMed
Summary

Magnetic fields enhance rare-earth element separation. Applying a magnetic field to TriNOx rare-earth complexes significantly improved the selective crystallization of heavy rare earths from light ones, achieving high purity in a single step.

Keywords:
Coordination ChemistryCrystallographyMagnetismRare-EarthsSeparations

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Rare-earth element separation is difficult due to similar chemical properties.
  • Current separation methods rely on subtle differences in ionic radii.
  • Intrinsic magnetic properties of rare-earth ions have been largely overlooked in separation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intrinsic magnetic properties on rare-earth ion separation.
  • To develop a novel separation method utilizing magnetic fields.
  • To assess the efficiency of magnetic field-assisted separation for light and heavy rare-earth mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TriNOx ([(2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2]3N3-) rare-earth complexes.
  • Applied an external Fe14Nd2B magnet to induce a magnetic field.
  • Introduced a concentration gradient (temperature decrease) to facilitate separation.
  • Analyzed separation efficiency using enrichment factors (EF).

Main Results:

  • Successfully crystallized heavy rare earths (Tb-Yb) from mixtures with light rare earths (La, Nd) using a magnetic field.
  • Observed optimal separation for La:Dy equimolar mixture with EF=297±31 in the presence of a magnetic field, versus EF=159±22 without.
  • Achieved 99.7% pure Dysprosium (Dy) in a single separation step.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic magnetic properties of rare-earth ions can be leveraged for efficient separation.
  • Magnetic field application significantly enhances the performance of molecular separation systems for paramagnetic rare-earth cations.
  • This method offers a promising approach for selective rare-earth element purification.