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Detection of tumor suppressor protein p53 with special emphasis on biosensors: A review
Deepa1, Shikha Pundir2, C S Pundir3
1School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Abstract:
Cancer is a general word, which specifies a cluster of diseases affecting almost every-body part. Cancer is a second leading cause of death, globally. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is known to play a vital role in prevention of cancer. The enhanced and active form of p53 controls target gene expression through binding with DNA response elements (REs) and thus inhibits tumor cell growth. p53 is found mutated in more than 50% of the cancers. The wide mutation spectrum of p53 gene underlies the process of tumor development. Hence, the accurate quantification of p53 protein levels has great importance in early diagnosis of cancer. The biosensors are the tools, which convert biological interactions into readout signals. These are the most simple, sensitive, specific, rapid and precise devices used for determination of altered protein levels. Hence, Bio sensing methods have great potential as a diagnostic tool for determination of p53 protein. This review describes the screening of most recent and different types of bio sensing approaches, reported for detection of p53. The review also discusses the necessity of biomarker based bio-sensing methods for early diagnosis of cancer. The overall aim of this review is to advance the future analytical approaches of p53 biosensors.
Insights
Accurate quantification of tumor suppressor protein p53 is crucial for early cancer diagnosis. Biosensors offer sensitive, rapid detection of p53, advancing diagnostic tools for this vital cancer-preventing protein.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Cancer is a leading global cause of death, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
- The tumor suppressor protein p53 is critical in preventing cancer by regulating gene expression.
- Mutations in the p53 gene are prevalent in over 50% of human cancers, highlighting its importance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent biosensing approaches for detecting the p53 protein.
- To emphasize the significance of biomarker-based biosensing for early cancer diagnosis.
- To explore advancements in analytical methods for p53 biosensors.
Main Methods:
- Systematic screening of current literature on p53 detection biosensors.
- Analysis of various biosensing strategies for p53 quantification.
- Discussion of the role of p53 as a cancer biomarker.
Main Results:
- Biosensors provide simple, sensitive, specific, rapid, and precise detection of biological interactions.
- Various biosensing platforms have been developed for p53 detection.
- These methods show significant potential for the early diagnosis of cancers associated with p53 alterations.
Conclusions:
- Accurate p53 protein quantification using biosensors is vital for early cancer detection.
- Biosensing technologies offer promising diagnostic tools for p53-related cancers.
- Further development of p53 biosensors will enhance analytical capabilities in cancer diagnostics.
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