Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

513
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
513
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

2.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
2.6K
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

295
The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
295
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

230
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
230
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.7K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.2K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Frequency and causes of visual impairment in people attending outreach clinics in Zambia.

Clinical & experimental optometry·2025
Same author

A review and meta-analysis of conventional sternotomy versus minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for degenerative mitral valve disease focused on the last decade of evidence.

Perfusion·2023
Same author

Healthy aging impairs face discrimination ability.

Journal of vision·2022
Same author

Author's Reply.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2022
Same author

A prospective evaluation of the clinical safety and effectiveness of a COVID-19 Urgent Eyecare Service across five areas in England.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2021
Same author

In the Blink of an Eye: Reading Mental States From Briefly Presented Eye Regions.

i-Perception·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K

Quantifying the effect of viewpoint changes on sensitivity to face identity.

Alexander G Swystun1, Andrew J Logan2

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, UK.

Vision Research
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Changes in viewpoint significantly impair face identification. Larger viewpoint shifts and asymmetrical changes reduce sensitivity more, suggesting symmetry aids recognition across different viewing angles.

Keywords:
Face perceptionPsychophysicsUnfamiliar facesViewpoint

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Human face recognition is robust to viewpoint variations but performance declines with increasing angular differences.
  • Understanding how viewpoint affects face identity processing is crucial for both human perception and artificial intelligence.
  • Previous research indicates viewpoint influences face recognition, but the precise impact of magnitude and symmetry remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of viewpoint changes on face identity discrimination sensitivity.
  • To investigate how the magnitude and type (e.g., symmetrical vs. asymmetrical) of viewpoint change affect face recognition.
  • To explore the role of symmetry in recognizing faces across different viewpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Measured discrimination thresholds for synthetic faces under same-viewpoint and changed-viewpoint conditions.
  • Tested viewpoint changes of 5°, 10°, and 20° between viewing and test phases.
  • Examined three types of viewpoint changes: front-to-side, side-to-front, and symmetrical (left-to-right).

Main Results:

  • Discrimination thresholds increased linearly with viewing angle in the same-viewpoint condition.
  • Changes in viewpoint significantly reduced discrimination sensitivity, with greater reductions for larger angular differences.
  • Front-to-side viewpoint changes (20°) impaired sensitivity more (2.09× increase in thresholds) than symmetrical changes (1.26×).

Conclusions:

  • Face identity sensitivity is significantly reduced by changes in viewpoint, magnitude, and asymmetry.
  • Results support viewpoint-dependent encoding of unfamiliar face identities.
  • Symmetry appears to play a role in maintaining face identity recognition across varying viewpoints.