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Association Between the Seated Single-Arm Shot-Put Test With Isokinetic Pushing Force
Context:
Previous investigations have examined the reliability, normalization, and underlying projection mechanics of the seated single-arm shot-put (SSASP) test. Although the test is believed to reflect test limb strength, there have been no assessments determining whether test performance is directly associated with upper-extremity strength.
Objective:
To determine the relationship between isokinetic pushing force and SSASP performance and conduct a method comparison analysis of limb symmetry indices between the 2 tests.
Design:
Controlled laboratory study.
Setting:
Biomechanics laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Twenty-four healthy and physically active men (n = 12) and women (n = 12).
Intervention(S):
Participants completed the SSASP and isokinetic pushing tests using their dominant and nondominant arms.
Main Outcome Measures:
SSASP distance and isokinetic peak force.
Results:
Significant moderate to strong relationships were revealed between the SSASP distances and isokinetic peak forces for both limbs. The Bland-Altman analysis results demonstrated significantly (P < .002) greater limb symmetry indices for the SSASP (both medicine balls) than the isokinetic ratios, with biases ranging from -0.094 to -0.159. The limits of agreement results yielded intervals ranging from ±0.241 to ±0.340 and ±0.202 to ±0.221 from the biases.
Conclusions:
These results support the notion that the SSASP test reflects upper-extremity strength. The incongruency of the limb symmetry indices between the 2 tests is likely reflective of the differences in the movement patterns and coordination requirements of the 2 tests.
