[Laryngeal Surgery - Malignant Lesions]

This article is intended to give an overview of the surgery for laryngeal malignancies and the current state of transoral endoscopic laryngeal surgery. The current therapy concepts in transoral endoscopic laryngeal surgery are presented in combination with the various possibilities of reconstruction. The adequate oncological treatment under functional aspects described plays the decisive role here: treatment goals beyond the cure of the tumor disease are the functional maintenance of the larynx with simultaneous preservation of the voice. In general, the diagnosis and treatment of (pre-) cancerous lesions of the laryngeal mucosa is demanding and requires a great deal of experience of the attending laryngologist. Updated classification systems support level-based categorization. In transoral endoscopic laryngeal surgery, resection using cold instruments and the CO₂ laser are currently among the traditional methods, although newer methods such as the angiolytic laser can be used to ablate these lesions. Transoral endoscopic laryngeal surgery is a highly endoscopic-microscopic procedure in (pre-) cancerous lesions, which may presumably continue to evolve from the microlaryngoscopic approach over the next few years due to the introduction of new instruments and high-resolution imaging techniques. Robot-assisted surgery has also found its way into the transoral endoscopic treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. Only in the next few years, however, will it become clear to what extent this technique can supplement, replace or clarify surgical methods, since the individualized surgical strategy currently has a priority position for every single patient.