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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose is a sustainable biopolymer with potential for advanced material applications.
  • Developing functional hydrogels with ionic conductivity and environmental stability remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate transparent, ionic conductive cellulose hydrogels (CCHs) with inherent antifreezing properties.
  • To investigate the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the developed CCHs.
  • To evaluate the sensing performance of CCH-based devices for strain, pressure, and temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Dissolving cellulose in an aqueous benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide (BzMe3NOH) solution.
  • Direct fabrication of hydrogels via chemical cross-linking without post-treatment.
  • Characterization of transparency, mechanical properties, and ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range (-27.8 to 62.1 °C).
  • Testing of CCH-based sensor performance under tensile strain, compressive pressure, and temperature variations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized transparent CCHs with over 90% transparency.
  • Demonstrated stable mechanical properties and ionic conductivity from -27.8 °C to 62.1 °C.
  • CCH-based sensors showed stable and sensitive responses to strain, pressure, and temperature with fast response times and minimal hysteresis, even at subzero temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide facilitates the direct fabrication of antifreezing, ionic conductive cellulose hydrogels.
  • The developed CCHs exhibit excellent thermal stability, transparency, and multifunctional sensing capabilities.
  • This work presents a sustainable and simple method for creating advanced cellulose-based soft conductors for diverse applications.