Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 5, 2026
09:29
Stereotactic Atlas-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection of Brain Regions Affected by Traumatic Injury
Published on: September 11, 2017
9.7K
Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma
Borna Relja1,2, Walter Gottlieb Land3
1Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. info@bornarelja.com.
Summary
The danger model posits that tissue damage, not foreign molecules, drives immune responses. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are key biomarkers in trauma, influencing inflammation and healing.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Trauma Pathophysiology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- The danger model, proposed in 1994, challenged the self versus non-self recognition model.
- It suggests adaptive immunity is triggered by molecules released from damaged tissues, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
- DAMPs play a critical role in post-traumatic and post-surgical inflammation and regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs following traumatic injury.
- To discuss the dual role of DAMPs in inflammation and regeneration.
- To highlight the potential of DAMPs as biomarkers for injury severity and surgical timing.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on recent studies of DAMPs in trauma.
- Discussion of experimental detection methods for DAMPs.
- Brief introduction to the model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs).
Main Results:
- DAMPs are crucial in initiating immune responses and inflammation after trauma.
- The role of DAMPs in healing is complex, being both inflammatory and regenerative.
- DAMPs show potential as biomarkers for monitoring trauma severity and guiding clinical decisions.
Conclusions:
- DAMPs are central to understanding post-traumatic immune responses and healing.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the 'friend or foe' role of DAMPs in trauma.
- DAMPs and SAMPs offer insights into regulating inflammation and improving outcomes in trauma patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Phases of Wound Repair
7.7K
Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
7.7K
01:27Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
420
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
420
01:20Traumatic Memory
496
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
496
01:20Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
11.7K
Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
11.7K
01:07MAPK Signaling Cascades
7.8K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.8K