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Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma.

Borna Relja1,2, Walter Gottlieb Land3

  • 1Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. info@bornarelja.com.

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
|October 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The danger model posits that tissue damage, not foreign molecules, drives immune responses. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are key biomarkers in trauma, influencing inflammation and healing.

Keywords:
DAMPDangerInflammationSAMPTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trauma Pathophysiology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • The danger model, proposed in 1994, challenged the self versus non-self recognition model.
  • It suggests adaptive immunity is triggered by molecules released from damaged tissues, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
  • DAMPs play a critical role in post-traumatic and post-surgical inflammation and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs following traumatic injury.
  • To discuss the dual role of DAMPs in inflammation and regeneration.
  • To highlight the potential of DAMPs as biomarkers for injury severity and surgical timing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent studies of DAMPs in trauma.
  • Discussion of experimental detection methods for DAMPs.
  • Brief introduction to the model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs).

Main Results:

  • DAMPs are crucial in initiating immune responses and inflammation after trauma.
  • The role of DAMPs in healing is complex, being both inflammatory and regenerative.
  • DAMPs show potential as biomarkers for monitoring trauma severity and guiding clinical decisions.

Conclusions:

  • DAMPs are central to understanding post-traumatic immune responses and healing.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the 'friend or foe' role of DAMPs in trauma.
  • DAMPs and SAMPs offer insights into regulating inflammation and improving outcomes in trauma patients.