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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Innovations in Addressing Pediatric Diarrhea in Low Resource Settings.

Rajiv S Jumani1, Jonathan M Spector1, Rasa Izadnegahdar2

  • 1Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases , 5300 Chiron Way , Emeryville , California 94608 , United States.

ACS Infectious Diseases
|October 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent innovations accelerate progress against childhood diarrhea, a major cause of mortality. This review highlights achievements and identifies needs in pediatric diarrhea management, especially in low-resource settings.

Keywords:
childdeveloping countriesdiarrheamortality

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Global child health
  • Medical technology innovation

Background:

  • Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood mortality globally.
  • Significant burden of preventable harm exists in low-resource settings.
  • Proven care practices require augmentation with modern advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent innovations impacting pediatric diarrhea.
  • To identify key achievements in the field.
  • To pinpoint areas needing further development for low-resource settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent innovations.
  • Analysis of advancements in medicine, science, and technology.
  • Focus on relevance to low-resource clinical management.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse innovations with potential impact.
  • Assessment of progress in combating diarrheal disease.
  • Mapping of current gaps and future opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Modern scientific and technological advances are crucial for reducing pediatric diarrhea.
  • Continued innovation is essential to address the burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries.
  • Targeted efforts are needed to translate innovations into effective clinical practice in resource-limited environments.