Coupled Halide-deficient and Halide-rich Reaction System for Doping in Perovskite Armed Nanostructures

Insights of Mn(II) doping in CsPbCl₃-armed hexapod nanostructures is reported. These complex structures were typically formed in halide concentration tuned modulated reactions. Cores were first formed under halide deficient condition and with enriching halides; these were transformed to armed structures. Doping of Mn(II) was observed facilitated during the arm growth in the second stage of the reaction. These observations were supported with decoupled reactions with minimized and maximized halide concentrations carried out in separate reactions. However, less interference for the exciton to dopant energy transfer was noticed for the defect states created in halide-deficient medium, and the intensity of the dopant emission remained proportional to the amount of dopant inserted in the nanocrystals. Being this is an in situ observation in the coupled reactions of both poor and rich halide reaction systems, the finding would strengthen the understanding of doping in perovskite host nanocrystals.