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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

45.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
45.2K
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

8.4K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
8.4K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

36.5K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
36.5K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

67.8K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
67.8K
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

9.2K
This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
9.2K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

38.4K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
38.4K

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Correlating ionic liquid solvent effects with solvent parameters for a reaction that proceeds through a xanthylium

Alyssa Gilbert1, Götz Bucher, Ronald S Haines

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. j.harper@unsw.edu.au.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 16, 2019
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Summary

Ionic liquids accelerate unimolecular reactions by increasing the rate constant as more solvent is added. Hydrogen bonding interactions between the ionic liquid and reaction intermediates are key to this effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry.
  • Ionic liquids offer unique solvent properties that can influence reaction kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of ionic liquids on a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction proceeding via a xanthylium carbocation.
  • To correlate reaction rate constants with solvent properties of ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic studies of the reaction in seven different ionic liquid solvents.
  • Analysis of rate constants using Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters.

Main Results:

  • The reaction rate constant increased with increasing proportion of ionic liquid.
  • A significant correlation was observed between the rate constant and solvent parameters, indicating hydrogen bonding.
  • The findings differ from trends observed in other unimolecular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen bonding is the primary interaction influencing the reaction rate in ionic liquids.
  • The established correlation allows for the prediction of ionic liquid effects on similar reactions.