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Telomere length and cognitive function: Differential patterns across sociodemographic groups.

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Shorter telomere length (TL) is linked to poorer cognitive function, particularly in White individuals experiencing poverty. This effect is seen in attention and memory tasks, suggesting vulnerability among this group.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of cellular aging.
  • Poverty and race are significant social determinants of health.
  • Cognitive performance can be influenced by biological and socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between telomere length (TL) and cognitive performance.
  • To examine if poverty status and race moderate the association between TL and cognition.
  • To explore differential impacts on various cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 325 urban-dwelling African American and White adults.
  • Telomere length (TL) measured using quantitative PCR.
  • Multivariable regression analyzed interactions of TL, poverty, race, and cognitive tests.

Main Results:

  • Shorter TL associated with worse performance on Digit Span tests for White individuals in poverty.
  • Shorter TL linked to poorer performance on Trail-Making Test B and BVRT among all individuals in poverty.
  • Findings indicate differential effects of TL on attention, executive function, and memory.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere length (TL) may uniquely impact cognitive functions in individuals experiencing poverty.
  • Attention, executive functioning, and memory appear particularly vulnerable.
  • Further research is needed to confirm generalizability.