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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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Ultrafast pH-jump two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy.

Jennifer C Flanagan, Carlos R Baiz

    Optics Letters
    |October 16, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a pH-jump two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectrometer to study molecular changes. This technique tracks pH-induced structural shifts in biomolecules like proteins over time.

    Area of Science:

    • Chemical Physics
    • Biophysics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Understanding pH-dependent molecular dynamics is crucial for biological processes.
    • Traditional methods have limitations in resolving fast structural changes.
    • Conformational changes in biomolecules are often triggered by protonation/deprotonation events.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel pH-jump two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectrometer.
    • To probe pH-dependent conformational changes on nanosecond to millisecond timescales.
    • To combine ultrafast spectroscopy with triggered dynamics for structural insights.

    Main Methods:

    • Incorporation of a nanosecond 355 nm laser source into a pulse-shaper-based 2D IR spectrometer.
    • Utilizing a caged proton strategy to trigger pH changes.

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  • Employing femtosecond 2D IR spectroscopy to monitor structural dynamics post-pH jump.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed a blue shift in the amide I mode (C=O stretch) of diglycine upon protonation.
    • Demonstrated the capability to track structural changes induced by pH shifts.
    • Successfully combined time-resolved spectroscopy with triggered chemical events.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed pH-jump 2D IR spectrometer enables the study of biomolecular conformational changes.
    • This method provides structural information on multiscale dynamics, including protein folding.
    • The technique offers a powerful tool for investigating pH-sensitive biological transformations.