Broadband out-of-plane coupling at visible wavelengths

Photonic integrated circuits require efficient interfaces to fiber optic components for applications in optical communication, computing, and sensing. Current optical interconnects rely on edge or grating couplers with limitations in terms of alignment tolerances, efficiency, and bandwidth, respectively. Here, we present a scalable coupling concept that allows fiber-to-chip coupling to the fundamental transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes based on three-dimensional nanostructures exploiting total internal reflection. We demonstrate close to octave-spanning highly efficient coupling to nanophotonic waveguides in the visible wavelength range. Our coupling scheme can be adjusted for other wavelength regimes and fiber mode-field diameters.