Arrowhead design ultrasonic tip as a supplementary tool for canal debridement

To investigate the shaping and cleaning performance of the Clearsonic ultrasonic tip as a supplementary tool during the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals through micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging technology. The Reciproc M-Wire R40 instrument was used as a reference instrumentation technique for comparison.

Twenty mandibular incisors with single, straight and long oval-shaped canals were selected and pair-matched by micro-CT scanning. The root canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 and R40 instruments, scanned again in a micro-CT device and randomly allocated into one of the two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the supplementary debridement protocol used: Clearsonic or Reciproc R40 used in a brushing motion against buccal and lingual walls. Noninstrumented canal areas, accumulation of hard-tissue debris (AHTD) and volume of removed dentine were assessed using micro-CT imaging following the supplementary debridement protocols. Data were analysed statistically in two phases using a t-test with a significance level of 5%.

In phase-1, there was a significant similarity between the samples regarding the evaluated micro-CT baseline parameters (P > 0.05), validating the anatomical similarity between the tooth pairs. In phase-2, there was a significant difference between the groups for canal volume, surface area, noninstrumented root canal walls and the amount of removed dentine for both absolute and percentage values (P < 0.05), but not for AHTD (P = 0.759).

The Clearsonic tip outperformed the Reciproc R40 instrument as a supplementary debridement protocol as it was associated with significantly greater reduction of noninstrumented root canals walls and consequently a larger amount of removed dentine. Both groups performed similarly regarding the AHTD.