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Maternal cognitive function during pregnancy in relation to hypo- and hyperthyroxinemia.

Victor J Pop1, Vlad Ormindean2, Andreia Mocan3

  • 1Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Clinical Endocrinology
|October 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Maternal hypothyroxinemia, or low thyroid hormone levels, during early pregnancy is linked to poorer cognitive function throughout gestation. This association remains significant even after adjusting for depression and sleep issues.

Keywords:
cognitive functionhypothyroxinemiapregnancythyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is a known contributor to cognitive dysfunction.
  • Cognitive impairment is frequently observed during pregnancy.
  • Understanding factors affecting maternal cognition is crucial for prenatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy and cognitive dysfunction.
  • To determine if this relationship persists after accounting for confounding factors like depression and sleep disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective follow-up study involving 2082 healthy pregnant women.
  • Cognitive function, depression, and sleep problems were assessed via self-report questionnaires at 12, 22, and 32 weeks of gestation.
  • Maternal thyroid function (FT4, TSH, TPO-Ab) was measured at 12 weeks of gestation.

Main Results:

  • Women with hypothyroxinemia (FT4 <2.5th percentile, normal TSH) at 12 weeks showed significantly higher cognitive dysfunction scores throughout pregnancy (P=.001).
  • Poor cognitive function was independently associated with hypothyroxinemia (OR: 2.9), even after adjusting for depression (OR: 3.1) and sleep problems (OR: 2.8).
  • Women with both hypothyroxinemia and positive TPO-Ab titres exhibited the highest levels of cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy is a significant risk factor for cognitive dysfunction persisting throughout gestation.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring thyroid function during pregnancy to support maternal cognitive health.
  • Early identification and management of hypothyroxinemia may help mitigate cognitive impairments in pregnant individuals.