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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Circulating MicroRNA-19b Identified From Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Patients Increases Bone

Mengge Sun1,2,3, Liqiu Hu1, Shang Wang1

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second College of Medicine, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|October 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Circulating microRNA-19b (miR-19b) levels are lower in osteoporosis patients. Increasing miR-19b promotes bone formation by regulating the PTEN/pAKT/Runx2 pathway, offering a potential osteoporosis therapy.

Keywords:
MICRORNAOSTEOGENESISOSTEOPOROSISSCREENING

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in metabolic diseases like osteoporosis.
  • The role of circulating miRNAs in osteoblast differentiation remains unclear.
  • Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and increased fracture risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of circulating miR-19b in osteoblastogenesis and osteoporosis.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying miR-19b's function in bone metabolism.
  • To evaluate miR-19b as a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Measured circulating miR-19b levels in osteoporotic patients and healthy controls.
  • Assessed miR-19b expression during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells.
  • Utilized miR-19b mimics and inhibitors in cell culture and ovariectomized mouse models.
  • Investigated the regulatory effects of miR-19b on PTEN, Runx2, and AKT signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Circulating miR-19b levels were significantly lower in osteoporotic patients.
  • miR-19b expression increased during osteoblast differentiation and promoted it in vitro.
  • miR-19b directly repressed PTEN, leading to increased Runx2 expression and AKT phosphorylation.
  • Administration of miR-19b agomiR alleviated osteoporosis in aged ovariectomized mice.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miR-19b enhances osteoblastogenesis, potentially via the PTEN/pAKT/Runx2 pathway.
  • miR-19b may serve as a biomarker for osteoporosis.
  • miR-19b represents a promising therapeutic target for bone loss disorders like osteoporosis.