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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Topical 2'-Hydroxyflavanone for Cutaneous Melanoma.

Chhanda Bose1, Sharda P Singh2, Henry Igid3

  • 1Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;. chhanda.bose@ttuhsc.edu.

Cancers
|October 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topical 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) gel inhibits melanoma growth by inducing apoptosis and affecting key signaling proteins. This dietary flavonoid shows promise for treating cutaneous melanoma metastases with minimal toxicity.

Keywords:
2′-hydroxyflavanoneRLIP76Ralbp1melanomapro-apoptotic signalingtopical application

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • 2 -hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a dietary flavonoid with demonstrated anticancer properties.
  • Cutaneous melanoma poses a significant therapeutic challenge, necessitating novel treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of topically applied 2HF in inhibiting melanoma growth in vivo.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying 2HF's anticancer effects on melanoma cells.
  • To evaluate the safety and potential synergistic effects of 2HF with other anticancer agents.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using human (SK-MEL-24) and murine (B16-F0, B16-F10) melanoma cell lines.
  • In vivo studies involving topical application of 2HF-Pluronic Lecithin Organogel (PLO) on intradermal melanoma implants in immunocompetent mice.
  • Analysis of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, -9, PARP1), signaling proteins (TNFα, phospho-PDGFR-β, MEKK-15), and endocytosis-related protein RLIP76.
  • Assessment of tumor markers (phospho-AKT, vimentin, fibronectin, CDK4, cyclinB1, BCL2, BIM, phospho-AMPK) and drug synergy.

Main Results:

  • Topical 2HF inhibited melanoma cell growth in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.
  • 2HF induced apoptosis and modulated key signaling pathways, including depletion of caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP1, TNFα, and phospho-PDGFR-β.
  • 2HF inhibited RLIP76, affecting epidermal growth factor (EGF) endocytosis and enhancing the cytotoxicity of sunitinib and AZD2461.
  • 2HF-PLO gel demonstrated efficacy against melanoma tumors with no overt toxicity and significant systemic absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Topical 2HF-PLO gel is a promising agent for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma metastases.
  • 2HF exerts its anticancer effects through apoptosis induction and modulation of critical signaling pathways, including RLIP76 inhibition.
  • 2HF may enhance the efficacy of existing therapies like sunitinib and PARP1 inhibitors, offering a potential combination strategy.