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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Clinical Perspectives in Brain Metastasis.

Krutika Deshpande1,2, Ian Buchanan1,2, Vahan Martirosian1,2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.

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|October 17, 2019
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Brain metastases (BMs) impact neurological function and survival. Advances in detection and targeted therapies are improving treatment for these central nervous system lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Brain metastases (BMs) significantly impair neurological function, quality of life, and survival.
  • Increased detection of central nervous system (CNS) metastases is linked to advances in diagnostics and improved systemic cancer control.
  • Tumor cells' ability to utilize the brain as a sanctuary site contributes to the rising incidence of BMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of brain metastases management.
  • To highlight the challenges and advancements in treating CNS metastases.
  • To discuss the integration of targeted therapies and multidisciplinary approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brain metastases.
  • Analysis of established treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS).
  • Exploration of emerging clinical trials incorporating molecular characterization and targeted agents.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced diagnostic tools improve the detection rates of BMs.
  • Current therapeutic paradigms involve surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with limitations in blood-brain barrier penetration.
  • Emerging strategies focus on targeted therapies and multidisciplinary care to address challenges like multiple CNS lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The management of brain metastases is evolving with improved detection and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeted therapies, informed by tumor molecular profiling, show promise for eligible patients.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are crucial for optimizing outcomes in patients with CNS metastases.