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Emtricitabine-induced pure red cell aplasia
Nithendra Manickchund1,2, Camille du Plessis1,2, Melanie-Anne A John2
1King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa.
Introduction:
Anemia is common in HIV. Parvo B19 infection is a well-recognised cause of red cell aplasia. Other causes of persistent pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) include anti-retroviral drugs such as zidovudine and lamivudine. We describe a case of PRCA that strongly implicates emtricitabine as the probable cause.
Patient Presentation:
Patient was HIV positive and on treatment with a fixed drug combination consisting of tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz for 3 months when she developed severe transfusion dependent anemia. The anemia, attributed to PRCA, was persistent and transfusion dependent for about one year.
Management And Outcome:
Replacement of emtricitabine with abacavir resulted in a prompt, complete and lasting resolution of the anaemia, suggesting an etiologic role of emtricitabine in the PRCA.
Conclusion:
Emtricitibine is a rare cause of pure red cell aplasia.
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