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Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study
Oladipo A Sowunmi1, Gbolagade Amoo1, Peter O Onifade1
1Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Summary
Psychoactive substance use is prevalent in Nigerian patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD), exceeding global averages. Routine screening is crucial for managing this dual diagnosis burden.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exists on substance use among Nigerian patients with serious mental illness (SMI), specifically schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD).
- Understanding substance use patterns in these vulnerable populations is critical for effective treatment and public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the patterns of psychoactive substance use between outpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia.
- To identify differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with substance use in these two patient groups.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 75 outpatients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) and 75 outpatients with schizophrenia.
- Data collection included sociodemographic information, clinical variables, and psychoactive substance use patterns.
- Diagnosis was confirmed using the MINI-PLUS diagnostic tool.
Main Results:
- Lifetime psychoactive substance use prevalence was 52% for schizophrenia and 46.7% for BD; current use was 21.3% and 17.3%, respectively.
- These prevalence rates are significantly higher than global estimates reported in 2014.
- Statistically significant differences were observed in sociodemographic, clinical variables, and substance use patterns between the schizophrenia and BD groups.
Conclusions:
- Psychoactive substance use poses a significant challenge in the management of schizophrenia and BD patients in Nigeria.
- Implementing routine substance use screening in outpatient departments is recommended to address this public health issue.
- Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for co-occurring substance use disorders in SMI populations.
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