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Related Concept Videos

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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method
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Interaction Forces between Water Droplets and Solid Surfaces across Air Films.

Yuesheng Gao1, Sunghwan Jung2, Lei Pan1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton 49931, United States.

ACS Omega
|October 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The rupture of air films during surface wetting depends on surface hydrophobicity. Hydrophilic surfaces exhibit stronger attractive forces, accelerating air film drainage and increasing critical rupture thickness.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Wettability Studies

Background:

  • Surface wetting is crucial in various applications, yet the mechanism of air film rupture remains unclear.
  • Understanding air film dynamics is essential for controlling droplet behavior on solid surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the mechanism of intervening air film rupture during droplet wetting.
  • To determine the relationship between surface properties and air film rupture dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synchronized triwavelength reflection interferometry microscopy to measure air film thickness profiles.
  • Quantified air film pressure to analyze the forces involved in rupture.

Main Results:

  • Critical air film rupture thickness (hc) is strongly dependent on surface hydrophobicity, increasing from 50 nm (hydrophobic, 96°) to 1.42 μm (hydrophilic, 25°).
  • This trend holds for both treated quartz and natural mineral surfaces.
  • Attractive forces, potentially electrostatic, were identified between water and hydrophilic surfaces, accelerating air film drainage.

Conclusions:

  • Surface hydrophobicity dictates air film rupture thickness via surface forces.
  • Attractive forces on hydrophilic surfaces accelerate air film drainage, influencing wetting dynamics.
  • Findings offer fundamental insights into air film rupture mechanisms driven by surface interactions.