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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Thyroid hormone therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Giorgio Grani1, Valeria Ramundo1, Antonella Verrienti1

  • 1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Endocrine
|October 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone suppression therapy offers minimal benefit for most differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Balancing potential risks like cardiovascular and skeletal issues against benefits is crucial, with more research needed.

Keywords:
Differentiated thyroid carcinomaLevothyroxineTSH replacement therapyTSH suppressive therapyThyroid-stimulating hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) management typically involves surgery and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can act as a growth factor for thyroid cells, including neoplastic ones, potentially influencing DTC progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits and risks of TSH suppression therapy in DTC patients.
  • To evaluate the current recommendations for TSH suppression therapy in DTC management.

Main Methods:

  • Mini-review of existing literature on TSH suppression therapy in DTC.
  • Analysis of practice guidelines regarding TSH suppression therapy and its associated risks.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive TSH-suppressive therapy provides little to no benefit for most DTC patients.
  • Practice guidelines advocate a graded approach, weighing suppression benefits against cardiovascular and skeletal risks.

Conclusions:

  • Further large-scale randomized controlled studies are necessary.
  • Confirming the oncological benefits of TSH suppression and its role in adverse effects is essential.
  • Assessing TSH normalization's efficacy in mitigating these effects requires further investigation.