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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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Assessing Higher Order Language Processing in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users.

William G Kronenberger1,2, David B Pisoni2,3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|October 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implant (CI) users show weaker complex language skills than normal-hearing peers, with about half performing significantly below expectations. Delays in fast, automatic language processing may explain these differences, suggesting targets for intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common intervention for severe to profound hearing loss.
  • Understanding long-term language outcomes in CI users is crucial for optimizing auditory rehabilitation.
  • Individual differences in complex language processing require further investigation in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare complex/higher-order language processing in long-term cochlear implant (CI) users versus normal-hearing (NH) peers.
  • To identify factors contributing to language performance variations in CI users.
  • To explore potential targets for intervention to improve spoken language outcomes in deaf children with CIs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition (CELF-4) Core Language subtests for 53 long-term CI users (≥ 7 years) and 60 NH controls (ages 9-29).
  • Assessed vocabulary knowledge and fast, automatic language processing (rapid phonological coding, verbal rehearsal speed, speech intelligibility).
  • Controlled for age, gender, and nonverbal IQ in comparative analyses.

Main Results:

  • CI users demonstrated weaker performance on all CELF-4 Core Language subtests compared to NH controls.
  • Differences in Formulated Sentences and Recalling Sentences persisted even after controlling for vocabulary knowledge.
  • Approximately 50% of CI users scored within the NH range for specific subtests, while the other 50% scored significantly lower.

Conclusions:

  • Subgroup of CI users exhibit deficits in complex, higher-order language processing compared to NH peers.
  • Delayed fast, automatic language processing may underlie these observed language weaknesses.
  • Identified language domains could inform novel interventions for deaf children with suboptimal spoken language outcomes post-CI.