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The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to...
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Human-impacted tidal inlets rapidly evolve due to coastal structures. New breakwaters protecting Venice caused significant erosion and sediment loss, altering the inlet

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Area of Science:

  • Coastal geomorphology
  • Marine engineering
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Tidal inlets are dynamic coastal systems susceptible to human alterations.
  • Anthropogenic interventions, such as coastal defenses, can profoundly impact inlet morphology and sedimentary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the rapid geomorphological evolution of a human-impacted tidal inlet near Venice, Italy.
  • To quantify sediment erosion and changes in sedimentary regime following the construction of new coastal structures.

Main Methods:

  • Repeated high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys.
  • Geomorphometric analysis to quantify morphological changes and sediment volumes.
  • Sedimentological analysis to assess changes in sediment distribution.

Main Results:

  • Construction of a breakwater led to significant scour-hole formation and sediment erosion (approx. 170,000 m³).
  • A new island and channel restriction shifted the inlet's regime from depositional to erosive, causing a net sediment loss of approx. 612,000 m³.
  • Dune field area decreased by over 50% in five years, with sediment coarsening observed.

Conclusions:

  • Tidal inlets exhibit distinct phases of response to anthropogenic changes, with initial rapid erosion followed by a slowdown.
  • Continued erosion at breakwaters poses a potential threat to coastal defense structures.
  • High-resolution surveys and geomorphometric analysis are vital for monitoring and managing dynamic coastal environments, especially in the context of sea-level rise.