Chemical Properties and Nutritional Value of Plant-Origin Glucosylceramide

Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), a representative sphingolipid in cell membranes of plants and fungi, is known to have certain benefits, such as prevention of intestinal impairment and improved skin moisturizing, when consumed. Recently, incidence rates of intestinal impairments have increased in East Asian countries due to changes of people's diet and life style. Therefore, the occurrence of these impairments needs to be prevented through dietary improvement and supplements containing GlcCer. The in vitro and in vivo effects of GlcCer on colon impairment were explored in our previous studies, with focus on sphingolipid structure. Conversely, plant cell membrane contents such as GlcCer are known to be difficult to extract due to the thick cell wall. Therefore, human and other mammals may not be able to utilize GlcCer when digesting food of plant origin. To confirm this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of polished rice and the extract on intestinal impairment. In addition, we discuss the intestinal function of GlcCer contained in polished rice and the relationship between GlcCer and other lipophilic functional components.