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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

4.5K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
4.5K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

5.0K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
5.0K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.0K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

29.7K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
29.7K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

4.8K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
4.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

20.4K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
20.4K
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Physical Sciences
  7. Condensed Matter Physics
  9. Surface Properties Of Condensed Matter
  11. A Large Source Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei From New Particle Formation In The Tropics.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Physical Sciences
  7. Condensed Matter Physics
  9. Surface Properties Of Condensed Matter
  11. A Large Source Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei From New Particle Formation In The Tropics.

Related Experiment Video

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

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A large source of cloud condensation nuclei from new particle formation in the tropics.

Christina J Williamson1,2, Agnieszka Kupc3,4, Duncan Axisa5,6

  • 1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. christina.williamson@noaa.gov.

Nature
|October 18, 2019

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a significant global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This process, occurring over 40% of Earth

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Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

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Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influence cloud properties and Earth's radiative balance.
  • New particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere is a potential, yet under-quantified, source of CCN, particularly in remote areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a global-scale survey of NPF occurrence using in situ aircraft measurements.
  • To determine the contribution of tropical upper tropospheric NPF to CCN production.
  • To assess the representation of NPF and subsequent particle growth in global models.

Main Methods:

  • In situ aircraft measurements of aerosol size distributions.
  • Analysis of vertical profiles in tropical convective regions.
  • Integration with chemical-transport models for global assessment.

Main Results:

  • Intense NPF was observed at high altitudes in tropical convective regions over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
  • NPF forms a persistent, global-scale band in the tropical upper troposphere, covering approximately 40% of Earth's surface.
  • Tropical upper tropospheric NPF is a globally significant source of CCN that impacts the lower troposphere.

Conclusions:

  • NPF in the tropical upper troposphere is a major, previously underestimated source of CCN.
  • Global models often fail to accurately capture the magnitude of tropical upper tropospheric NPF and particle growth to CCN sizes.
  • This finding highlights the need for improved representation of NPF processes in climate models for accurate radiative balance estimations.