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Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Fluctuations on Diabetic Complications

Zhen-Ye Zhang1, Ling-Feng Miao1, Ling-Ling Qian1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|October 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Glucose fluctuations, not just high blood sugar, drive diabetic complications by impacting molecular pathways. Understanding these mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species, can lead to new therapies for diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic complications are linked to both sustained high blood glucose and glucose variability.
  • Glucose fluctuations trigger diverse molecular mechanisms in cells and tissues.
  • Reactive oxygen species play a role in glucose fluctuation-induced damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic complications driven by glucose fluctuations.
  • To elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species in this process.
  • To highlight key protein signaling pathways involved.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on glucose fluctuations and diabetic complications.
  • Analysis of the impact of reactive oxygen species on cellular damage.
  • Examination of downstream signaling pathways including PKC, PKB, NF-κB, and MAPK.

Main Results:

  • Glucose fluctuations induce oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species.
  • Activated signaling pathways like protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase B (PKB), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) contribute to damage.
  • These molecular changes are critical in the development of diabetic complications.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose variability is a significant factor in diabetic complication pathogenesis.
  • Targeting reactive oxygen species and related signaling pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into these molecular mechanisms could improve diabetes management.
Keywords:
diabetesglucose fluctuationsmitogen-activated protein kinaseprotein kinase Bprotein kinase Creactive oxygen species

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