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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

Complement in Human Pre-implantation Embryos: Attack and Defense.

Martin P Reichhardt^1,2, Karolina Lundin³, A Inkeri Lokki^2,4

¹Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology

|October 18, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Complement activation occurs in early human embryos, impacting early life development. Proper regulation of this immune response is crucial to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:

complement development embryo mucosal immunology pre-implantation reproductive immunology

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Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Mucosal immunological responses are critical for early human development.
Imbalances in the complement system are linked to pregnancy complications.
Previous research focused on immune responses after implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze complement molecule expression and deposition in human pre-implantation embryos.
To investigate complement activation at the earliest stages of embryonic development.
To understand the role of complement in early human embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

Confocal microscopy to observe complement activation product deposition.
Analysis of complement membrane inhibitors and soluble regulators on embryos.
Single-cell RNA sequencing to identify embryonic expression of complement activators.

Main Results:

Complement activation products were deposited on healthy developing human embryos.
Embryos express complement membrane inhibitors and bind soluble regulators.
Embryonic cells express and can activate complement components C3 and C5.

Conclusions:

Complement activation occurs in human pre-implantation embryos, necessitating strict regulation.
Embryonic complement expression suggests immunoregulatory functions and impacts early cellular processes.
Failure in complement regulation may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.