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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking an Ulcerative Colitis Flare.

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A rare case of rectal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was found in a patient with ulcerative colitis. This diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) highlights potential genetic factors in its development.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare malignancy of the colon and rectum.
  • Immunomodulatory therapy is a known risk factor for secondary malignancies.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old African American male with a 1-year history of UC presented with hematochezia.
  • Endoscopy revealed findings consistent with a UC flare.
  • Biopsies showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a type of NHL.

Findings:

  • The patient had no prior immunomodulatory therapy.
  • No previously reported risk factors for colorectal NHL were present.
  • This case suggests potential unique genetic abnormalities or germline mutations contributing to DLBCL.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of thorough histopathological examination of colorectal lesions in UC patients.
  • Further research into genetic predispositions for colorectal lymphoma is warranted.
  • Understanding the specific genetic landscape of rectal DLBCL may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.