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Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

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In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

A Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatases and their Interactors
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A Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatases and their Interactors

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Pseudokinases: a tribble-edged sword.

Laura Richmond1, Karen Keeshan1

  • 1Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.

The FEBS Journal
|October 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tribbles (TRIB) pseudokinases are key regulators of cellular processes. Understanding TRIB proteins offers potential for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Tribbles (TRIB) family of pseudokinases, including TRIB1, TRIB2, and TRIB3, are emerging as significant players in cellular signaling.
  • These proteins function as signaling mediators and scaffolding proteins, influencing protein stability and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of TRIB proteins in various cellular processes.
  • To highlight the potential of TRIB proteins as therapeutic targets, particularly in oncology.
  • To explore the application of TRIB proteins as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TRIB1, TRIB2, and TRIB3.
  • Analysis of TRIB protein involvement in cellular signaling pathways.
Keywords:
TRIBbiomarkercancerdrug targetingpseudokinase

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  • Examination of TRIB protein roles in cancer and other diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • TRIB proteins modulate critical cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis.
    • Dysregulation of TRIB proteins is implicated in the development and progression of various cancers.
    • TRIB proteins impact protein stability and activity, affecting downstream signaling cascades.

    Conclusions:

    • TRIB proteins represent promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
    • TRIB proteins hold significant potential as biomarkers for disease management and clinical decision-making.
    • Further research into TRIB pseudokinases can unlock novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies across diverse pathologies.