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Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

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Immune Predictors of Mortality After Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection.

Jessica B Graham¹, Jessica L Swarts¹, Vineet D Menachery^2,3

¹Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

|October 18, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying immune system traits before infection can predict severe outcomes from viruses like influenza. This discovery aids in early intervention and improved vaccine development for at-risk individuals.

Keywords:

Collaborative Cross RNA virus infection immune correlates of mortality

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Genetics

Background:

Viral infections cause a spectrum of disease severity, from mild to fatal.
Emerging and re-emerging viral outbreaks, alongside common infections like influenza, pose ongoing global health challenges.
Preventing severe disease is hindered by a lack of effective vaccines and difficulty in identifying high-risk individuals early.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify pre-infection immune correlates of protection against mortality from viral infections.
To leverage natural variation in disease susceptibility within a genetically diverse mouse model.
To inform strategies for early clinical intervention and vaccine design.

Main Methods:

Infection of Collaborative Cross (CC) mice with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and West Nile virus.
Observation and categorization of disease manifestations, including mortality and survival.
Comprehensive pre-infection immunophenotyping to identify immune system characteristics.

Main Results:

CC mice displayed a wide range of responses to viral infections, with some strains experiencing mortality and others showing no mortality.
Pre-infection immunophenotyping revealed distinct immune profiles associated with protection from mortality.
Natural variation in disease outcomes was observed across different CC mouse strains.

Conclusions:

Pre-infection immune phenotypes can potentially identify individuals at higher risk of severe outcomes from viral infections.
These findings may guide the development of targeted clinical interventions for high-risk populations.
Immune profiles could provide insights for more rational and effective vaccine design.