Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

516
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
516
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.1K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

779
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
779
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

752
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
752
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

426
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
426
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

406
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
406

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Decision-Support System for Personalized Antidepressant Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder-Reply.

JAMA·2026
Same author

Acceptability and accuracy of point-of-care monitoring of lithium levels.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2026
Same author

Supporting pregnant and mothering adolescents in their schooling: Insights for policy and practice.

International journal of educational development·2026
Same author

Psychotherapy, Antidepressants, and Combined Treatment for Depression: A Network Meta-analysis on Social Functioning Outcomes.

Psychotherapy and psychosomatics·2026
Same author

Tool for Converting ADHD Rating Scales Scores Based on Individual Participant Data from 53 Randomized Controlled Trials of ADHD Medications.

Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Violence Victimisation and Mental Health Distress Among Adolescent Girls Living with HIV in Southern Africa: Does Social Protection Help?

AIDS and behavior·2026
Same journal

Mechanical thromboprophylaxis for preventing intradialytic hypotension in people undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Prognostic models for predicting intensive care unit admission or mortality in critically ill adults not yet been admitted to the intensive care unit.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Views and experiences of weight management for people living with mobility‑limiting conditions, intellectual disabilities or severe mental illness: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety and depression in Parkinson's disease.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Biologic drugs for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Preconception and first-trimester metformin for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: August 11, 2015

14.5K

Valproate for acute mania.

Janina Jochim1, Raphael P Rifkin-Zybutz, John Geddes

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK, OX3 7JX.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Valproate is effective for acute mania in adults, showing better response rates than placebo. However, its efficacy in children and adolescents is uncertain, and it may be less effective than newer antipsychotics.

More Related Videos

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.4K
Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

29.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: August 11, 2015

14.5K
Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.4K
Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

29.4K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder is a common mental health condition characterized by mood swings.
  • Valproate is established for bipolar disorder maintenance but its acute mania efficacy needs further evaluation.
  • This review updates previous findings on valproate for acute mania.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess valproate's efficacy and tolerability for acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder.
  • Comparisons include placebo, alternative treatments, and combination therapies across pediatric, adolescent, and adult populations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL) up to September 2018.
  • Extracted data on efficacy (response rates) and tolerability (adverse events).

Main Results:

  • In adults, valproate showed higher response rates than placebo (45% vs 29%).
  • Efficacy was similar to lithium and potentially lower than olanzapine in adults.
  • Evidence for valproate's efficacy in children/adolescents was uncertain; it may be less effective than risperidone.

Conclusions:

  • Valproate is effective for acute mania in adults compared to placebo.
  • Evidence is insufficient for pediatric and adolescent populations.
  • Valproate may have a better side effect profile than olanzapine regarding weight gain and sedation.