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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Polyethyleneimine-coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Vehicle for the Delivery of Small Interfering RNA to Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo
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MicroRNA delivery through nanoparticles.

Sharon Wei Ling Lee1, Camilla Paoletti2, Marco Campisi2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore, Singapore(3); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore(3); Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore(3).

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|October 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticles offer targeted delivery for microRNA (miRNA) therapeutics, crucial for treating diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores nanocarrier design and applications for advancing miRNA-based personalized medicine.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsMicroRNA delivery and releaseNanoparticlesPersonalized medicinePhysicochemical characterization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the development of major diseases.
  • Nanoparticle carriers enable precise, cell-specific delivery of therapeutic miRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the application of nanoparticles for miRNA delivery in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and tissue regeneration.
  • To provide a new perspective on nanocarrier design and characterization for clinical translation.
  • To discuss challenges and highlight applications of miRNA-nanoparticles for personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanoparticle-based miRNA delivery systems.
  • Analysis of nanocarrier design principles and characterization techniques.
  • Case study analysis of therapeutic applications in oncology, neurology, and regenerative medicine.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles show significant potential for targeted miRNA delivery in various disease models.
  • Effective nanocarrier design and characterization are crucial for successful clinical translation.
  • Engineering challenges in miRNA-loaded nanoparticles require innovative solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle-mediated miRNA delivery holds great promise for effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into nanocarrier engineering is essential to overcome current limitations.
  • This approach could revolutionize the treatment of complex diseases.