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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
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[Progress in goat genome studies].

Feng-Hong Wang1, Lei Zhang1, Xiao-Kai Li1

  • 1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Goat genome research advances breeding and resource utilization. This review details goat genome structure, maps, sequencing, and SNP chips, providing a foundation for genome selection in goats.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The goat genome serves as a crucial foundation for conserving and utilizing goat genetic resources.
  • Advancements in the goat reference genome have facilitated significant research into goat origins, evolution, and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current research progress in goat genomics.
  • To establish a theoretical basis for the advancement of goat genome selection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on goat genome structure and mapping.
  • Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip development in goats.

Main Results:

  • Detailed summary of goat genome structure and organization.
  • Overview of genetic, physical, and comparative mapping in goats.
  • Discussion of advancements in high-throughput sequencing and SNP chip technologies for goats.

Conclusions:

  • The ongoing improvement of the goat genome provides valuable insights into goat biology.
  • This review consolidates key findings and highlights future directions for goat genome selection and breeding programs.