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Related Concept Videos

Fault Types01:18

Fault Types

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When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.

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Summary

The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence revealed a complex, unmapped fault network in southern California. This multifault rupture challenges seismic hazard assessments in the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Sciences
  • Seismology
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Southern California experienced a 20-year seismic quiet period before the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.
  • This sequence marked the end of a significant seismic hiatus in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the complex fault network responsible for the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes.
  • To understand the implications of multifault ruptures for seismic hazard quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of geodetic, seismic, and seismicity data.
  • Analysis of earthquake sequences, including foreshocks, mainshocks, and swarms.
  • Examination of fault geometry across seismogenic depths.

Main Results:

  • The 2019 Ridgecrest sequence involved a Mw 6.4 foreshock and a Mw 7.1 mainshock.
  • Rupture occurred on an unmapped, multiscale network of interlaced orthogonal faults.
  • The mainshock rupture triggered shallow creep and an earthquake swarm on the Garlock fault.

Conclusions:

  • Complex fault geometries, like the one revealed in Ridgecrest, persist through the seismogenic depth.
  • The occurrence of multifault ruptures presents significant challenges for regional seismic hazard assessment.
  • Modern instrumentation and analysis techniques are crucial for understanding intricate seismic events.