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Vaccination Status and Resource Use During Hospital Visits for Respiratory Illnesses

Mersine A Bryan1,2, Annika M Hofstetter3,2, M Patricia deHart4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; mersine@uw.edu.

Pediatrics
|October 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Children with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) not up-to-date on vaccinations had higher odds of receiving laboratory testing. This highlights potential disparities in care for unvaccinated children with ARTI.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric healthcare research
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Acute respiratory tract illnesses (ARTI) are common in children.
  • Vaccination status may influence healthcare resource utilization for pediatric ARTI.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for optimizing care and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate differences in resource use for children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) based on their vaccination status.
  • To identify specific tests and treatments associated with vaccination status in pediatric ARTI cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2302 children (0-16 years) with ARTI diagnoses (pneumonia, croup, asthma, bronchiolitis) across 5 children's hospitals.
  • Analysis of provider-documented up-to-date (UTD) vaccination status as the primary predictor variable.
  • Multivariable logistic regression models used to assess associations between vaccination status and receipt of various diagnostic tests and treatments.

Main Results:

  • Children with ARTI whose vaccination status was not up-to-date (not UTD) showed increased odds of undergoing laboratory testing, including complete blood cell count, blood cultures, C-reactive protein (CRP) testing, and influenza testing.
  • Specific conditions like pneumonia and croup also showed higher odds of certain tests (CRP, influenza, blood cultures) in unvaccinated children.
  • The majority of participants (92%) had UTD vaccination status documented.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ARTI and non-up-to-date vaccination status had significantly higher odds of undergoing laboratory testing compared to their vaccinated counterparts.
  • Findings suggest potential variations in diagnostic workups for pediatric ARTI based on vaccination status.
  • Further research may be needed to explore the reasons behind these observed differences in resource utilization.
Abstract

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