Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.3K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

13.3K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
13.3K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

56.3K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
56.3K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

614
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
614

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimentally Validated Quantum-Secure Federated Learning over a Multi-user Quantum Network.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Experimental asymmetric relativistic zero-knowledge proofs with unconditional security.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Interfacial dipolar interactions drive giant second-harmonic generation in 2D organic-inorganic heterostructures.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Source-independent quantum key distribution without pre-sending entanglement.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Tunable high-order coherence in the interference of resonance fluorescence and laser light.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Time-bin encoded quantum key distribution over 120 km with a telecom quantum dot source.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same journal

MT-MRI for detection of renal interstitial fibrosis in renovascular disease.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Detection of underground objects from GPR data using a lightweight YOLO-based approach.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Early systemic inflammatory-metabolic trajectory phenotypes are associated with survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Water balance components in a dry-seeded rice-wheat system: Untangling the effects of tillage and mulching practices.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Topological approaches to quantum tensor train compression via ZX-calculus and SVD.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

determinants of flood impacts and adaptive capacity among market vendors in Walukuba-Masese, Jinja city, Uganda.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K

Coherent-State-Based Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution.

Hua-Lei Yin1, Zeng-Bing Chen2

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. hlyin@nju.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that coherent-state twin-field quantum key distribution (QKD) is a time-reversed entanglement protocol. The proposed method enhances QKD security and transmission distance for quantum communication networks.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.9K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.9K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication Networks
  • Quantum Cryptography

Background:

  • The rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution (QKD) hinders the development of large-scale quantum communication networks.
  • Twin-field (TF) QKD has emerged as a promising solution to overcome this limitation.
  • Coherent-state-based protocols offer a practical approach to TF-QKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze coherent-state-based TF-QKD as a time-reversed entanglement protocol.
  • To propose an optimized coherent-state TF-QKD protocol with enhanced secret key rates for various channel conditions.
  • To demonstrate the protocol's compatibility with existing coherent-state TF-QKD methods and improve transmission distances.

Main Methods:

  • Proving coherent-state TF-QKD is a time-reversed entanglement protocol via entangled coherent state measurement and entanglement swapping.
  • Developing a TF-QKD protocol utilizing coherent and cat state coding for optimal secret key rates.
  • Applying entanglement purification with two-way classical communication to enhance protocol performance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that coherent-state TF-QKD is fundamentally a time-reversed entanglement protocol.
  • Achieved optimal secret key rates in both symmetric and asymmetric channels using coherent and cat states.
  • Showcased the protocol's adaptability to existing coherent-state TF-QKD protocols through a novel security proof.
  • Significantly improved transmission distances for coherent-state TF-QKD protocols via entanglement purification.

Conclusions:

  • Coherent-state TF-QKD protocols can be understood and optimized as time-reversed entanglement protocols.
  • The proposed protocol offers enhanced security and key rates, advancing practical quantum communication.
  • Entanglement purification further extends the reach of coherent-state TF-QKD, paving the way for larger quantum networks.