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Related Concept Videos

Transposons01:24

Transposons

1.2K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.1K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.1K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

19.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.3K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

13.1K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.1K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

18.7K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
18.7K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.4K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.4K

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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

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The Transposon Registry.

Supathep Tansirichaiya1,2, Md Ajijur Rahman1,3, Adam P Roberts1

  • 11Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK.

Mobile DNA
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A robust nomenclature system is essential for prokaryotic transposable elements. The Transposon Registry has updated its records for all transposons, improving data accessibility for researchers.

Keywords:
Accessory functionAntimicrobial resistanceComposite transposonConjugative transposonHorizontal gene transferIntegrative conjugative transposonPlasmidRegistryTnTransposon

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Prokaryotic transposable elements exhibit significant diversity.
  • A standardized nomenclature is crucial for managing and searching these genetic elements.
  • Existing systems require updates to accommodate new discoveries and ensure comprehensive data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on The Transposon Registry.
  • To highlight the registry's role in allocating unique identifiers to prokaryotic transposable elements.
  • To report the completion of registry records for transposons designated with Tn numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Maintaining and updating The Transposon Registry database.
  • Assigning unique numerical identifiers to prokaryotic transposable elements.
  • Compiling and integrating sequence data and publications for existing Tn-numbered transposons.

Main Results:

  • The Transposon Registry continues to allocate unique numbers to prokaryotic transposable elements.
  • Registry records are now complete for all transposons assigned Tn numbers (Tn1 onwards) with available data.
  • This ensures a more comprehensive and searchable database for these genetic elements.

Conclusions:

  • The updated Transposon Registry enhances the systematic description and retrieval of prokaryotic transposable elements.
  • Completion of Tn-numbered transposon records facilitates research and data sharing.
  • A robust nomenclature system is vital for advancing the study of prokaryotic mobile DNA.