Platelet preparation for function testing in the laboratory and clinic: Historical and practical aspects

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Clinical Pathology
• Biomedical Science

Background:

• Platelet function tests are crucial for understanding platelet physiology and disorders.
• Light transmission aggregometry is the established gold standard for diagnosing platelet function abnormalities.
• Advancements include flow-based assays and flow cytometry, offering new diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a tutorial on essential laboratory methodologies for platelet function testing.
• To describe the preparation of citrated platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet suspensions.
• To discuss the advantages, limitations, and quality considerations for various platelet function assays.

Main Methods:

• Detailed description of light transmission aggregometry.
• Explanation of flow-based assay methodologies.
• Overview of flow cytometric assay techniques.
• Guidance on preparing platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet suspensions.

Main Results:

• Comparison of different platelet function testing methodologies.
• Discussion of factors critical for high-quality platelet function test results.
• Assessment of the strengths and limitations of each assay type.

Conclusions:

• Proper methodology and understanding assay limitations are key for accurate platelet function testing.
• The tutorial equips researchers and clinicians with knowledge for selecting and performing appropriate platelet function tests.
• This work supports the diagnosis and study of platelet disorders using established and novel techniques.