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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
07:02

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System

Published on: January 12, 2011

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Concussion Management for Children Has Changed: New Pediatric Protocols Using the Latest Evidence.

Carol DeMatteo1,2, Sarah Randall2, Katie Falla2

  • 1School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Clinical Pediatrics
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Updated pediatric concussion protocols now allow quicker return to activity (RTA) and return to school (RTS) for children. These evidence-based guidelines emphasize symptom-guided progression, not complete symptom absence, for faster recovery.

Keywords:
childconcussionmild traumatic brain injuryprotocolreturn to activityreturn to schoolyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Sports medicine
  • Rehabilitation science

Background:

  • Pediatric concussion management requires updated protocols for safe return to activity (RTA) and return to school (RTS).
  • Previous guidelines from 2015 need revision based on new evidence and clinical feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the 2015 CanChild RTA and RTS protocols for pediatric concussion.
  • Incorporate empirical data, caregiver feedback, systematic reviews, and expert consultations.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of concussed children and caregivers.
  • Systematic review of scientific literature published since 2015.
  • Consultation with pediatric concussion management experts.

Main Results:

  • New protocols feature symptom strata for faster progression in quickly recovering children.
  • Shortened initial rest period (24-48 hours) with symptom-guided activity.
  • Emphasis on progressing before symptom resolution if symptoms do not worsen with activity.

Conclusions:

  • Updated protocols offer a more dynamic and individualized approach to pediatric concussion recovery.
  • Integration of RTA and RTS guidelines facilitates a smoother transition back to daily life and school.
  • These revised protocols aim to optimize outcomes for concussed children.