Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

43.3K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
43.3K
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

5.6K
Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
5.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

2.3K
The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty rearrangement. Fragmentation by ⍺-cleavage preferentially occurs at the carbon-carbon bond at the ⍺-position next to the carboxylic group to generate a neutral radical and a cation. Long chain compounds with hydrogen at their γ-carbon undergo McLafferty rearrangement to give a radical cation and a neutral alkene.
For example, the...
2.3K
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

3.7K
Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
3.7K
Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria01:32

Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria

1.7K
Understanding the chemistry between the reagents is necessary for performing any experiment. To this end, scientists have designed a tool called a ladder diagram, which is a graphical representation that helps illustrate the chemistry of a system.
A ladder diagram for acid-base equilibria consists of a vertical axis that represents pH and horizontal bars (steps on the ladder) that help position all the pKa values in the system. At equilibrium, the pH value of the system corresponds to one of...
1.7K
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2.9K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

2-Mercaptophenylboronic acid: a superior alternative to 2-mercaptoethanol for thioester hydrolysis.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same author

Sequential, Multistep, and Cooperative Helicity Evolution in Supramolecular Polymers of Chlorophyll Rosettes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Desorption dynamics of interstellar molecule on amorphous solid water investigated by machine learning potential-based PaCS-MD simulation.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Alice in Wonderland and Ekbom Syndromes in a Bipolar I Manic Episode: A Case Report With Neuroimaging Findings.

Case reports in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Proton Tautomerism for Anhydrous Superprotonic Conduction in 1,2,3-Triazolium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

DFT Study of Boric Acid-Promoted Thioester Hydrolysis via a Concerted Bond-Breaking Mechanism.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
11:00

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

11.5K

Revisiting Formic Acid Decomposition by a Graph-Theoretical Approach.

Tomonori Ida1, Manami Nishida1, Yuta Hori2

  • 1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Formic acid is a promising hydrogen storage material. Graph theory reveals carbon oxidation state and betweenness centrality control its decomposition, hindering efficient hydrogen production.

More Related Videos

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
11:25

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

5.2K
High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
11:00

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

11.5K
Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
11:25

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

5.2K
High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Formic acid (HCOOH) offers high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen (H2) storage capacity.
  • HCOOH decomposition can yield H2 via dehydrogenation (HCOOH → H2 + CO2) or H2O + CO via dehydration (HCOOH → H2O + CO).
  • Dehydrogenation is thermodynamically favored, yet dehydration is the dominant decomposition pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the factors limiting the dehydrogenation pathway in formic acid decomposition.
  • Utilize graph theory to analyze the complete chemical reaction network.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the entire chemical reaction network for HCOOH decomposition.
  • Application of graph theory concepts, specifically oxidation number and betweenness centrality.

Main Results:

  • The study identified fundamental factors controlling both dehydrogenation and dehydration pathways.
  • Carbon oxidation state and betweenness centrality were found to be key controlling factors.
  • These factors explain the prevalence of the dehydration pathway over dehydrogenation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the controlling factors provides insight into the limitations of formic acid as a hydrogen storage material.
  • The analysis highlights the advantage of the dehydration pathway in HCOOH decomposition.
  • This work offers a new perspective on optimizing H2 production from formic acid.