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The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function
Fiona B McDonald1,2, Eugene M Dempsey2,3, Ken D O'Halloran1,2
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Experimental Physiology
|October 19, 2019
Summary
Preterm infants face cardiorespiratory challenges due to oxygen dysregulation and immune activation. Neonatal animal models reveal how early-life stress impacts neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal physiology
- Cardiorespiratory system
- Developmental neuroscience
Background:
- Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal mortality.
- Surviving infants experience short- and long-term morbidities due to early-life stress.
- Oxygen dysregulation (hypoxia, hyperoxia) is a primary concern for cardiorespiratory adaptation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of prematurity on the cardiorespiratory system.
- To examine the consequences of altered oxygen tension and immune activation in preterm infants.
- To highlight advances in understanding stress effects on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Examination of clinical challenges in preterm birth.
- Review of neonatal animal models of intermittent hypoxia, hyperoxia, and infection.
- Focus on physiological pathways modulating the cardiorespiratory system.
Main Results:
- Oxygen dysregulation alters redox balance and immune signaling.
- Altered stress responses impact neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.
- Neonatal animal models provide insights into early-life stress effects.
Conclusions:
- Preterm infants are vulnerable to cardiorespiratory complications.
- Understanding oxygen and immune system interactions is crucial.
- Animal models are valuable tools for studying preterm infant physiology and stress responses.
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